Cracks
Cracks in basement walls, brick, drywall and slabs are the most obvious sign. Width, direction and growth tell you more than their presence.
Hairline vertical cracks are often shrinkage. Wide, diagonal, stair-step or horizontal cracks deserve attention.
Doors and windows
Doors that stick, windows that will not open and gaps around frames can show that the opening has changed shape.
Seasonal humidity also causes sticking, so look for patterns that persist.
Floors and ceilings
Sloping floors, soft spots and gaps between walls and floors or ceilings can point to settlement or failing support.
A marble placed on the floor or a level can show a slope that the eye misses.
Exterior clues
Gaps between the house and a porch or steps, leaning chimneys and cracked brick above windows are exterior signs.
Look also at the soil: does it slope toward the house or pool near the wall?
Water and smell
Damp floors, white mineral crust on walls, a musty smell and standing water all point to moisture problems that can affect the foundation.
Moisture often causes movement and movement lets in more moisture.
When to act
Fast changes, wide cracks and several signs together deserve a prompt look. Slow, minor signs can often be watched and measured.
When unsure, a short inspection settles the question.
Measure and photograph anything that worries you, watch it for a few weeks and call sooner if it changes quickly or several signs appear together.
